Thursday, February 28, 2019

Field Trip To Bronzevile

Entry 3: Unfamiliar Territory

This is a full map of Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood. 1

Field Trip to Bronzeville 2/22/19 Michael Cardiff

Revised 3/13/19

In the previous trip to Chinatown, I was visiting a place I had already been to before. I was able to plan the day of the places I would be able to go to and how quickly I was able to move through them. Going into the Bronzeville trip with this mentality was a mistake. Bronzeville, in general, had way more things to see. This is due to the time period in which the African Americans came to Chicago when compared to the Chinese. The Chinese came much earlier, starting in California in the 1850s eventually moving to Chicago after their work on the railroads in California. The majority of African Americans came during the great migration; a mass exodus of the southern African American population to the northern states from 1910 to 1970. Such a large movement of people exploded the African American population of so many states, Chicago, for example, rose from a mere 30,000 black people to an astounding 120,000 in only the years from 1910 to 19202.
The Chicago defender building 4
A Chicago defender Article 5

I did not personally have the time to visit the Chicago Defender building, but I would've loved to. Its history was one of the most intriguing to me, it is where the paper that informed the masses about the good parts of Chicago was made. This paper allowed for many southern African Americans to get an insider look into what was happening in Chicago and acted as a driving force for the large population increase in Chicago specifically.
The Perspective Charter School

Ida B Wells Preparatory Academy

The Chicago Military Academy
Instead of taking the train anywhere, I was able to walk from my dorm on campus to 35th street and then down to King Drive. Along the way to King Drive, I encountered quite a few different shops, some were big franchises and others were single restaurants opened by Bronzeville locals. This contrasted heavily with Chinatown, as there were very few large chain stores, let alone restaurants in Chinatown. These places were definitely not around in the early 1900s, but their current existence can tell us something about the assimilation of the African Americans as compared to the Chinese. Chinese immigrants tend to stay in Chinatown, work in Chinese restaurants (in Chinatown or outside it) and hence will work with other Chinese. In other words, the Chinese tend to come from China to interact with their own people, while African Americans tended to work more alongside a greater mix of people.



Images from the Former 8th Regiment Armory

While on my journey to King Drive, I passed by the grand building that once was the Eighth Regiment Armory. The eighth regiment was the first all-black regiment to have its own armory. It was amazing for the African American population as a whole. The building is not on a Main Street, its entrance is off of 35th, on Giles Ave. The building stands out fantastically despite this. The three flags of the US, Illinois, and Chicago catching your attention despite being far away. and you move in closer to see the seal of the US Army, and then a tall monument dedicated to the history of the Eighth Regiment, The Chicago Military academy (Which is what the building is called now), and even African American Soldiers as a whole. Even though this building is somewhat covered by trees while walking along 35th, it is hard to miss as long as you walk right beside it. As soon as I crossed Giles and happened to look right, I knew I had been in the right place. After learning about Chicago's military history, I moved on to King Drive and the Bronzeville Walk of Fame.
The victory Monument facing north

The first thing you see when you get to King Drive from 35th is the very large and tall standing Victory Monument. The victory monument is very tightly related to the armory seen above. It stands in the middle of the Boulevard, so no matter what side of the street you are on, it is visible in all of its glory. It consists of a marble structure that houses 4 panels, 1 of text, 3 more that have statues on them. It is a World War I monument, as that is when the armory on Giles and 35th opened (1914)(See image above). On top is a WWI soldier, in his direction is the first panel, which is an African American Soldier who was in the Eighth Infantry, the eagle below him representing the country he is fighting for, the US. Looking on the panel to the right of the soldier on top is a woman draped in more classical clothes, she is holding a similarly classical sign of victory, a branch. The final side to the left is another classically draped woman holding a tablet with inscriptions of the names of battles that African American Soldiers fought in. This is a very important monument, it wraps up in one place with three separate images the beautiful history of the eighth regiment, most importantly, what they did in battle and the legacy they now leave behind to the future generation.


The former Supreme Life Building
An unexpected building I did not realize I was near initially was the Supreme Life building. This building seems so quaint and unimportant, being on the corner of 35th and King Drive. The building was built after the initial wave of the Great Migration in 1921 and is most well known for being the first black-owned insurance company not in Chicago, not even in Illinois, but in the whole United States. I can see how this building would become a very important place for Bronzeville, as there would most likely be segregation in insurance companies during the 1920s even in the north. This building still standing shows the pride that Bronzeville has for its long-lasting history

The Ida B. Wells Preparatory Academy

The Ida B. Wells House

Much later in my trip (in fact near the end of it), I had walked along King Drive to look at the Ida B. Wells house. At first glance, I had not been sure which house was the correct house, as I had only seen the sign that was in front of it, and had to resort to the address code to find the specific house. It looked similar to the rest of the houses near it, even the gates between the houses were connected. Nothing about the house really stood out to me. Ida B. Wells, on the other hand, stood out greatly (hence why her house is special). She mostly lived in the south and acted against racism and sexism as she raised her 3 sisters and 4 brothers alone after her parents died. She helped form many organizations that led to advancements in racial rights as well as woman's rights(The NAACP and National Association of Colored Women's Club respectively). In the early 1890s, she was forced to move from Memphis to Chicago where much of this work took place. She focused on Urban Development in Chicago during the later years of her life. This last point is the reason there exists the Ida B Wells Preparatory Elementary Academy and Ida B. Wells Housing Project in the city today, she was a very important person in the development of civil and gender-based rights8.

A few examples of plaques on the Bronzeville Walk of Fame

Perhaps the longest part of my trip was the walk down the Bronzeville Walk of Fame. This was simply due to the fact that most of the trip was spent walking down King Drive. I would see the plaques every so often and decide to read it. They gave short descriptions of what these people were known for and generally were either socially or politically involved. These people included anyone from ragtime or blues musicians and librarians to recording artists and representatives to the UN and NATO. The people along the Walk of Fame represent the accomplishments of Bronzeville, the people who made Bronzeville what it is today. Some of these plaques (as seen in the above images) are quite tarnished and almost appear green. This is what happens to copper over time, it oxidizes and turns green, but this can be counteracted by cleaning and sanding. The second image is in pristine condition, this can mean anything. At the time, I thought of two possibilities, 1 is that this person is just especially beloved, which would explain why the cleaned ones are so erratically placed, or 2, that someone is just happening to clean some at random points, from the general sense of pride in the history of Bronzeville, I would like for it to be the 2nd option.





Pictures that were taken near Pilgrim Baptist church

Church plays a big role in the life of people on the south side in general as was seen in the in-class video about Beverly. Bronzeville was formerly a Jewish neighborhood, meaning that there were pre-existing synagogues and temples, the Christian people of Bronzeville converted these into churches without hesitation, as they felt there was nothing wrong with worshipping a Jewish man (Jesus) in a temple or synagogue. The old Pilgrim Baptist church (future Museum of Gospel music) has Hebrew writing and Hebrew dates on it, fully displaying to the public its former status. Not only was the faith of the people uniting them, but their casual enjoyments as well. Ministers and priests would introduce music into their Sunday mass, as a way to get people more involved. The gospel music that is so often portrayed in films started in the old Pilgrim Baptist Church. This seems quite ironic to me, as the street where you may find Pilgrim Baptist is one of the quietest streets I encountered on this trip. It was hard for me to imagine any precession happening inside the building where Pilgrim Baptist stands.

Tomb of Stephan A. Douglas
One of the longest deviations from King Drive that I went on was from 35th and King Drive to the Tomb of Stephen A. Douglas. Sadly at the time, I was unable to enter the proper site for his tomb but I captured some nice pictures from the outside. Douglas was a big political figure and was known for his time in the Senate, where he introduced legislation that helped western expansion. He ran for president multiple times and lost despite having support from the Democratic party. Douglas argued in favor of the popular sovereignty view of Slavery, that it was up to the people of the state to decide whether or not they were a slave state, instead of it being a governmental option7.

Dunbar Statue
One of the places I had visited after I went to Pilgrim Baptist was Paul Dunbar Park. I did not intend to go here at first, in fact, I hadn't even seen it on the list of places to go at first, so it was an intriguing find, to say the least. Paul Dunbar was a poet from Ohio, but he had befriended people such as Fredrick Douglass, his poetry was representative of life during the turn of the century for African Americans. Frederick Douglass convinced him to read it at the Colombian Exposition.

My trip to Bronzeville overall was very different from Chinatown. I found that in Bronzeville there was overall a bigger sense of pride in the history of the neighborhood, with there being a lot more monuments than in Chinatown. However, both communities I began to see in a different light. With Chinatown, I began to see it as more of a cultural hub rather than a place to get bubble tea, and now with Bronzeville, I see of it less like "The hood" and more like a community with a great sense of pride.

References and Notes

Unless otherwise specified here, all photos are taken by me

Bibliography

  • Editors, History.com. “Stephen A. Douglas.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/us-politics/stephen-a-douglas.
  • Frank, Michael. “Chicago Blues Musicians.” Earwig Music, Earwig Music, 2019, www.earwigmusic.com/chicago-blues-musicians.
  • Library of Congress. “President Harry Truman Wipes Out Military Segregation.” Planning D-Day (April 2003) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin, Victor, 10 Dec. 1998, www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/educate/truman.html.
  • Maidenberg, Micah. “Former Chicago Defender Building Gets New Owner, Tenant.” Crain's Chicago Business, 19 Mar. 2014, www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20140319/CRED03/140319697/former-chicago-defender-building-on-motor-row-sold.
  • Norwood, Arlisha R. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” National Women's History Museum, National Women's History Museum, 2017, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ida-b-wells-barnett.
  • Spinney, Robert Guy. City of Big Shoulders: a History of Chicago. Northern Illinois Univ. Press, 2000.
    • Spinney Chapters 9 and 10 are referenced, see above for specific pages

Thursday, February 14, 2019

Field Trip to Chinatown

Entry 2: Seen, but not Experienced

Field Trip to Chinatown 2/8/19 Michael Cardiff

This trip to Chinatown was very interesting and provided a lot of insight into the sheer depth of culture that all the neighborhoods have in Chicago. Of course, I have been to Chicago's Chinatown before to eat, drink bubble tea and even to get groceries a few times. However, I have visited the part of Chinatown that follows Archer ave rather more than the main section that starts on Cermak and Wentworth. Due to this, my visit to Chinatown was almost completely new, I visited many sites for the first time, but some places were revisits from past trips to Chinatown. 

The view of the construction of the red line platform,
Chinatown library is in the background.1
As I normally do, I got off of the Red Line train at Cermak-Chinatown and decided to leave the platform on the Archer ave side as opposed to the Cermak side. There was no real reason behind this decision, I simply never get off at the Cermak side, even when it is possibly more convenient. This trend seems to follow with most people too. I stepped aside from the small flock of people to really take in the view. It was a very cold morning but the sun was shining and clouds were high in the sky.

An example of a sign in both English and Chinese 1
An example of the multicultural literature available 1
This is the TV area in the kid's section of the Chinatown library. 1

My first stop was in the Chinatown Public Library. It is crazy to think that this is a new building, it does not feel out of place, in fact, it blends in so well that at first, I did not realize it was a library I had never seen the entrance to it before. I felt very awkward entering the library at first, as there was a majority of Asian males and females sprinkled throughout the first-floor area. The first thing I noticed before even entering was that most of the signs were in both Chinese and English. The library in Chinatown was a lot more "ancient" feeling than the one in my neighborhood. The library in my hometown was built in the 70s, and while it has undergone remodeling in the past, no single part of it compares to the Chinatown library, except for maybe the fact that they both have books. The library in my neighborhood is mostly brick and wood, while Chinatown's library has the iconic Chicago Steel look to it like it was built right alongside the Sears tower.


This age factor makes the scene inside the library feel less like a place where there must be solitude and more like a place for social interaction. This is especially seen in the Chinatown library from two major aspects: The TV area and the community room. The TV area is exactly what it sounds like, a section in the Children's area with a few tables and a large TV, this environment does not exactly entail the solitary confinement that is usually seen with libraries, and is more welcoming to multiple people gathering together. This same concept can be seen in a more "adult" way in the community room, which outlooks Wentworth ave., the room is decorated with animals from the Chinese zodiac, and a long table stretches across the room. This is truly where people can look out to their community and say, "What's happening here, what is wrong, and how can we fix that wrong." The room almost gives the same feeling, like a room for an executive board. This Chinatown library is truly a marvel to look at and experience.
The Chinatown gate from far away 1

The plaque underneath the Chinatown gate 1

After leaving the library, I walked down Wentworth and got a look at the grand Chinatown gate from both far and near. From afar, the gate looks grand and menacing almost, like you are about to enter the residence of someone very important. This is one of the landmarks to look for if you are wondering where you are in Chicago. As soon as you see the big red gate, you will know you're in Chinatown. Moving closer, the gate seems very rotted, and in need to be taken care of. I was barely able to read half of the writing on the gate's plaque. From what I could read, it talks about how Chinatown is a community of one people united, no matter what distance separates them, the people in Chinatown were eternally connected to their home. The meaning of the Chinese characters is: The World is a Commonwealth.
This is what I first recognized as the Pui Tak Center. 1
The signs outside the Pui Tak Center are almost completely in Chinese 1

At first, I didn't think I would be seeing my next spot for at least a couple minute's walk, but I really didn't have to wait that long. A few steps after the gate I was unknowingly at the Pui Tak Center. The building stood out sure, but I did not see any fancy labeling say for the awning above me. I definitely walked past this place before unknowing of its history. After my trip, I visited the Pui Tak Center website to see its history 2. The site explained that the physical building was one of Chinatown's only historical landmarks, and had to be purchased from the Federal government. Pui Tak, when translated, means to build character, which essentially explains what is done here. Students can either broaden their knowledge of Mandarin Chinese, strengthen their skills on their desired musical instrument, or even if necessary, begin to learn the English language. This modern reincarnation of the Pui Tak Center is based on the center's ministry from the early second half of the twentieth century (1950~70) where the center was a volunteer medical clinic. This spirit of community extended the reach of the Pui Tak center's philosophy and made it into something amazing for Chinatown's residents.

The view along stunning Wentworth. 1

A storefront along Wentworth 1
The walk down Wentworth is quite fascinating. The shops and restaurants are very outstanding and always eye-catching whether it be for what is inside or the large signs outside. There is very much a sense of united community here. There is only one real post office here, seldom are there banks seen outside a main few, and everyone is of a certain type. I definitely received a couple looks from people while walking down Wentworth being a white person in a mostly Asian crowd, it tended to make me stand out a lot. The shops were very different yet similar to the ones I am used to. One major difference as seen in almost every single picture up to this point, there is Chinese. Chinese was everywhere, yet the whole experience felt home-like, as the same signs were out displaying the lottery jackpot for all to see. The only major difference there was the people buying the lottery tickets, they were Asian instead of Polish. There was one thing that was very shocking to me, the fact that it just ends. Once you pass a certain point on Wentworth, there is no more Chinatown, it merges into an expressway, as fiercely as it began, Chinatown ends quite underwhelmingly.
The actual Mao Suit 1
Chinatown merging into the expressway 1

The next stop I made on my Chinatown journey was the Chinese-American museum, where I most likely learned the most. It was during the fifteen-minute video where I had the whole community idea.  The first thing I took notice of however was the "Mao suit" that was on display as a part of the Chinese garments exhibit. To me, the suit represented not only the communist union of all the Chinese people, but it represented the commonality of all Chinese people, all of their similar identities and attributes that make them similar. This sense of union spread into the fifteen-minute video, which started by talking about dim sum, a traditional Chinese food. The video explained how the dim sum was meant to be shared, and no one person would finish an entire or even the majority of what they ordered, it was a group experience, maybe even a family experience. This continued into a conversation about family associations. Much like what the polish did in their neighborhoods, the Chinese formed associations to help those who are just emigrating from China. The associations were tied to a family name, creating a sense of community and existing bonds for people that haven't even been in the country for a very long time. These associations created opportunities for the Chinese to rise up, so as to not to dishonor the association and by association the family name. This allowed the Chinese to become "good Americans," voting often, being active in the community, etc. The museum really solidifies the ideology of Chinatown, in that it sees itself as an open place for the collaboration of the Chinese people with the people of Chicago, where the Chinese can feel at home while being in another country.
The Chinatown mall staircase, even without people it still feels alive 1
The very very empty Chinatown square 1
The immigration Mural 1

I have very mixed feelings about Chinatown Square, but a lot of those feelings are quite negative compared to the rest of my feelings towards the Archer ave section of Chinatown. The square is simply empty, with no place to sit anywhere in the entirety of the area, in fact, it seems that the only purpose of the square is to give a nice open walking space to those passing through on their way to the red line. The true star of Chinatown however, is the outdoor mall that runs parallel to Archer. It is in quite a cramped space, but the shops are stacked right next to each other and even on top of one another. This might make the mall seem to be uncomfortable almost, but that doesn't happen at all. There is a strong sense of community among the shops, especially the smaller ones. It is the equivalent of a white-picket fence type neighborhood, where it would be commonplace to go ask the neighbors for sugar if you run out. To me, this exact thing could very well happen in Chinatown's outdoor mall. There is a mix of larger chain restaurants (Joy-Yee, Minghin), smaller, one hit wonders like Bonchon (where I chose to eat after my trip), and the family-owned restaurants. The final of the three gives off the biggest community vibe. Sometimes in the restaurants, there isn't even a menu, there is simply someone making the food, you say what you want, and you will get just that. You can tell these are the types of restaurants where there are regulars, for cheap food, traditionally made and by a family, it just screams what Chinatown is all about!
A small section of the 9 dragon wall 1
My meal of soy sauce coated chicken from Bonchon 1

The last stop before the end of my journey (after a very delicious meal at Bonchon) was the nine dragon wall. The wall is meant to show to the people of the Qing and Ming dynasties the power of the emperor, a concept that no longer applies in China, but parallels to this system can be drawn in modern times. The number nine is considered the most powerful, and the dragon is considered to be the soul of all creatures, so having nine dragons means you are quite powerful. After visiting the nine dragon wall, I decided it was time to leave, and simply hopped on the train and went the one stop it took to get back to IIT.

This trip was amazing to go on, even if at points it was unbearably cold. It gave me a new perspective on the city I live in and love so much. The Chinatown I knew before was really only through the food and bubble tea. Now I think I can learn to appreciate those things more now that I have learned the community behind them both. Here are other pictures I took that I didn't find too relevant to the conversation of this piece.
The entrance to the Chinatown Square 1
A modern association like mentioned from the video in the museum 1
An example of the little differences found in basic things around Chinatown, such as the addition of Chinese characters underneath the Walgreens sign. 1

References and Notes

  1. Indicates that I took the picture
  2. https://www.puitak.org/about/history